Named in memory of Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833–1896), Swedish inventor of dynamite. He was founder of the famous Nobel International Fund, organized after his death according to his stipulation. Originally, the annual profit from this fund was divided into five parts and awarded annually for outstanding studies in physics, chemistry, physiology (including medicine), literature and peace. The centenary of the honored Nobel procedure, which includes participation by Swedish royalty, will be in 2000. (M 25231) _ _.